cravenness(名词):怯懦;胆小;懦弱,指缺乏勇气、在危险或压力面前退缩的品质。(也可泛指道德或意志上的懦弱。)
/ˈkreɪvənnəs/
His cravenness showed when he refused to speak up in the meeting.
他在会议上拒绝发言时,暴露出了他的怯懦。
In the novel, the general’s cravenness not only endangers his troops but also damages the trust that holds the empire together.
在小说中,将军的懦弱不仅让部队陷入险境,也破坏了维系帝国的信任纽带。
cravenness 来自形容词 craven(怯懦的、畏缩的),后接名词后缀 -ness 构成抽象名词,表示“某种性质/状态”。craven 在中古英语中与“因恐惧而退缩、屈服”的含义相关,后来稳定为“胆小、懦弱”的道德评价词。