finite clause(限定性从句/限定从句)指包含限定动词(finite verb)的从句;该动词带有时态(如过去/现在)、人称(如 I/you/he)或数(单复数)等语法特征,因此从句通常能构成一个相对完整的陈述(例如可明确“谁在什么时候做什么”)。
(注:与之相对的是 non-finite clause,动词不体现时态/人称,如 to do, doing, done。)
/ˈfaɪnaɪt klɔːz/
finite 来自拉丁语 finītus(“有界限的、限定的”),在语法中引申为“受时态/人称/数限制的(动词形式)”。clause 来自拉丁语 clausa(“结束的、封闭的”),在语言学中指“句子中的一个分句/从句单位”。合起来,finite clause 就是“含有限定动词的从句”。
A finite clause usually contains a subject and a verb.
限定性从句通常包含主语和动词。
In the sentence “She said that he was tired,” the clause “he was tired” is a finite clause because the verb “was” shows tense.
在句子“She said that he was tired”中,“he was tired”是一个限定性从句,因为动词“was”体现了时态。