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zckevin
V2EX  ›  宽带症候群

Tailscale 通过 tcp 流量转发实现无须自建 derp 节点加速国内访问

  •  1
     
  •   zckevin · 2023-02-14 20:15:13 +08:00 · 7969 次点击
    这是一个创建于 648 天前的主题,其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。

    Abstract

    https://tailscale.com/kb/1118/custom-derp-servers/

    derp server has derp service(基于 http(s) 的流量转发 tcp/443) + STUN service(udp/3478)

    众所周知,搭建一个 derp server 需要配置 https 证书等繁琐的流程,因此希望能通过 tcp 流量转发实现加速。

    Route:

    derpMap

    在 tailscale web admin UI 中可以配置 ACL ,其中包括 derpMap

    默认的 derpMap: https://login.tailscale.com/derpmap/default

    (并不会一直请求,而是被 embed 在 golang binary 中)

    配置

    添加一个新的 region ,其 Nodes 参数包含我们想要添加的转发代理节点

    {
    	"derpMap": {
    		"OmitDefaultRegions": true,
    		"Regions": {
    			"900": {
    				"RegionID":   900,
    				"RegionCode": "hkg2",
    				"RegionName": "Tencent HK->Hongkong",
    				"Nodes": [
    					{
    						"Name":     "derp Tencent hk",
    						"RegionID": 900,
    						"HostName": "derp20b.tailscale.com",
    						"DERPPort": xxxx,
    						"STUNPort": -1,
    						"IPv4":     "xx.xx.xx.xx",
    					},
    					{
    						"Name":     "stun",
    						"RegionID": 900,
    						"HostName": "derp20b.tailscale.com",
    						"STUNOnly": true,
    					},
    				],
    			},
    		},
    }
    

    显而易见,如果我们用 UDP 转发来代理 STUN 服务,STUN 获取到的 external ip address 是 UDP 代理的 IP ,而不是 local agent ip ,其会直接导致服务连接失败。

    好在 DERPNode 中的配置选项还算丰富,可以 somehow 绕过这个麻烦

    https://pkg.go.dev/tailscale.com/tailcfg#DERPNode

    HostName 必须是 default derpMap 中几个服务器之一(本人选择香港 derp20b ),否则 tls 报错 internal tls cert error ( journalctl -u tailscaled )

    但是为此的代价是必须手动指定 IPv4 field ,设置为 vx.link tcp proxy’s IP addr ,如果 vx.link 更换了新的代理服务器,我们可能需要手动修改这个 field

    DERPPortvx.link tcp proxy’s port

    STUNPort 为 -1:To disable STUN on this node, use -1.

    之后,再添加一个 STUNOnly 为 true 的节点,HostName 最好是和上边一样

    效果

    Routes(one way):

    China Mobile FTTH → vx.link Tencent HK →derp20b.tailscale.comvx.link Tencent HK → China Unicom 4g

    Untitled

    mtr -z derp20b.tailscale.com

    Untitled

    勉强能在高峰期获得一个能用的延迟。

    不足之处

    流量转发与 STUN 服务的强耦合,导致 tcp udp 流量走的是两条不同的 network path ,即 tailscale netcheck 通过 STUN 服务检测到的 UDP 直连 RTT 并不等同于经过 tcp 转发后 path 的 rtt ,导致我们的最优 path 选择出错。

    所以无奈之举是 OmitDefaultRegions 为 true ,disable 所有默认节点,只保留我们在 acl 中添加的转发节点。

    结尾

    注:文章内容从 notion 笔记中 CTRL-V ,文法及格式过于随意。

    真不是广告,流量都是自费充值。

    第 1 条附言  ·  2023-02-14 20:51:01 +08:00

    忘了发一个 before/after 对比:

    img

    22 条回复    2024-06-03 11:18:51 +08:00
    Cyshall
        1
    Cyshall  
       2023-02-14 20:20:35 +08:00   ❤️ 2
    docker 一行命令启动一个 drep ,不需要域名部署证书的:docker run --restart always --net host --name derper -d yangchuansheng/ip_derper
    zckevin
        2
    zckevin  
    OP
       2023-02-14 20:38:22 +08:00
    @Cyshall Docker 也不能一行命令自动备案啊,境外服务器的话那和用 tcp 转发差不多了。
    hanguofu
        3
    hanguofu  
       2023-02-15 04:19:14 +08:00
    谢谢分享。问一个小白级别的问题: 关于 Tailscale 的应用,有没有一个开源的账号管理系统呢?我想让一群人通过这个账号管理系统登陆,并连接在同一个网络中。
    zckevin
        4
    zckevin  
    OP
       2023-02-15 07:57:05 +08:00
    neroxps
        5
    neroxps  
       2023-02-15 08:51:18 +08:00
    headscale 是挺好的,唯一缺点就是 ios 还没客户端。
    Actrace
        6
    Actrace  
       2023-02-15 09:24:58 +08:00
    @neroxps 不是可以用官方客户端吗?
    MikuM97
        7
    MikuM97  
       2023-02-15 09:34:31 +08:00
    derper 我尝试在腾讯轻量上搭建过,可以绑定域名,证书用腾讯云的免费证书即可,主要是端口,别用 443 端口,用 1w 以上的高端口,我这边测是不会拦截未备案的域名
    duckrxy
        8
    duckrxy  
       2023-02-15 09:36:04 +08:00
    @Actrace ios 官方客户端目前不能设置自建的 headscale 服务器,我研究了好久也没研究出来,忍了
    blessedbin
        9
    blessedbin  
       2023-02-15 09:47:26 +08:00
    @Actrace headscale 服务器除了 IOS 的,都能用,README 中也明确说了这个点
    zckevin
        10
    zckevin  
    OP
       2023-02-15 09:56:20 +08:00
    @MikuM97 国内云服务带宽太小了,如果纯追求低延迟短瘦管道的确可以考虑
    4Ej4z9XsfMCW4b4O
        11
    4Ej4z9XsfMCW4b4O  
       2023-02-15 17:59:59 +08:00 via iPhone
    Feb 15 17:58:42 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    Feb 15 17:58:42 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 852.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Stopped headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Started headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19004]: An updated version of Headscale has been found (0.20.0 vs. your current v0.17.0-alpha4). Check it out https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19004]: 2023-02-15T17:58:47+08:00 INF No private key file at path, creating... path=/etc/headscale/private.key
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19004]: 2023-02-15T17:58:47+08:00 FTL home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/server.go:21 > Error initializing error="failed to read or create private key"
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
    Feb 15 17:58:52 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 853.
    Feb 15 17:58:52 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Stopped headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:52 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Started headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19013]: An updated version of Headscale has been found (0.20.0 vs. your current v0.17.0-alpha4). Check it out https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19013]: 2023-02-15T17:58:53+08:00 INF No private key file at path, creating... path=/etc/headscale/private.key
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19013]: 2023-02-15T17:58:53+08:00 FTL home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/server.go:21 > Error initializing error="failed to read or create private key"
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. Feb 15 17:58:42 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    Feb 15 17:58:42 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 852.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Stopped headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Started headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19004]: An updated version of Headscale has been found (0.20.0 vs. your current v0.17.0-alpha4). Check it out https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19004]: 2023-02-15T17:58:47+08:00 INF No private key file at path, creating... path=/etc/headscale/private.key
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19004]: 2023-02-15T17:58:47+08:00 FTL home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/server.go:21 > Error initializing error="failed to read or create private key"
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    Feb 15 17:58:47 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
    Feb 15 17:58:52 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 853.
    Feb 15 17:58:52 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Stopped headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:52 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: Started headscale controller.
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19013]: An updated version of Headscale has been found (0.20.0 vs. your current v0.17.0-alpha4). Check it out https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19013]: 2023-02-15T17:58:53+08:00 INF No private key file at path, creating... path=/etc/headscale/private.key
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 headscale[19013]: 2023-02-15T17:58:53+08:00 FTL home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/server.go:21 > Error initializing error="failed to read or create private key"
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    Feb 15 17:58:53 instance-20221104-0025 systemd[1]: headscale.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
    4Ej4z9XsfMCW4b4O
        12
    4Ej4z9XsfMCW4b4O  
       2023-02-15 18:00:37 +08:00 via iPhone
    headscale 安装后出现这个是咋回事?
    Cyshall
        13
    Cyshall  
       2023-02-15 20:56:41 +08:00
    @zckevin #2 不需要用到域名阿,所以不需要备案阿
    zzl22100048
        14
    zzl22100048  
       2023-02-16 10:01:20 +08:00
    @ninq

    home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/server.go:21 > Error initializing error="failed to read or create private key"

    无法创建私钥
    SeaSaltPepper
        15
    SeaSaltPepper  
       2023-02-16 11:23:00 +08:00
    @ninq headscale 没有 /etc 的权限,建议修改配置文件中 private_key_path 和 db_path 的路径,修改内容配置文件中已经给出建议了,照着改就行(以上建议建立在你是照着官方仓库教程操作下)。
    standin000
        16
    standin000  
       2023-03-12 13:35:49 +08:00
    请教一个问题,我的服务器有公网 ip ,端口都开了,别的电脑通过 tailscale 连接它还是需要官方中继服务器,请问这是为啥。
    Kilerd
        17
    Kilerd  
       2023-03-21 15:50:25 +08:00
    @standin000 我现在也是碰到这个问题,我在有公网 IP 的路由器上部署了 tailscale ,其他客户端访问上去都是需要走 DERP 的,里面的道理我不是很懂。
    zckevin
        18
    zckevin  
    OP
       2023-03-21 16:20:52 +08:00
    @standin000
    @Kilerd
    需要在 https://login.tailscale.com/admin/acls 配置路由,把自建的 derp 服务器信息填进去。具体见文档。
    Kilerd
        19
    Kilerd  
       2023-03-21 16:52:28 +08:00
    @zckevin 那这个就很诡异了哦,明明可以做到直接打洞的,但是还需要一个 DERP 才可以工作
    Actrace
        20
    Actrace  
       257 天前
    挖一下坟,,,前几天看到微林出了 derp 的服务,就想到这个帖子。
    现在可以直接用了,不需要绕弯路了。
    AAAmos
        21
    AAAmos  
       199 天前
    @Actrace mark 微林 derp
    Drbo
        22
    Drbo  
       174 天前 via Android
    mark 微林 derp
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